THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

 Basically, there are two types of digestive system in farm animal they are:

1.   Digestive System In Ruminant: The main characteristics of this group is the possession of complicated stomach which is divided into four units i.e. Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum and Abomasum which is the true stomach. Examples of animals in this category are goat, sheep and cattle which are otherwise called animals that chew cud.

2.   Digestive System Non-ruminant: Animals that are in this group include birds. They have simple or single stomach which explains why they feed on low fibre feeds.

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF A RUMINANT ANIMAL

The physiology of digestion in ruminant animal is directed into four parts i.e.

1.   Rumen

2.   Reticulum

3.   Omasum

4.   Abomasums

The rumen and reticulum contain several bacteria and other micro organisms i.e. (yeast and protozoan) which are capable of digesting cellulose and fibrous feed such as grasses, paper and cotton by the process of fermentation giving sugar and fatty acid as their bye products.

          The grasses are taking in through the mouth and passes through the oesophagus to enter into the first stomach, rumen where digestion of cellulose takes place, the animal also store a lot of undigested grass in this compartment. Consequently the animal lays down and by anti-peristaltic movement of the stomach the undigested grasses or cud passes from the rumen to the reticulum from where it re-enters the oestophagus and finally gets back to the mouth for re-mastication.

This time the semi-liquid goes into the third chamber (omasum) and then to the last chamber (Abomasum) where gastric juice is secreted into the semi-digested food or feed called chime. The chime then passes through the duodenum and it passes into the intestine where complete digestion and absorption takes place. The undigested material passes through the anus as dung.

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF A NON-RUMINANT ANIMAL (FOR BIRDS)

          Birds are generally referred to as monogastric animal because they have single or simple, stomach. The food is taken in by toothless beak and passes through the aesophagus and lowered into a sackline material that is called the crop which serves as a temporary storage organ and it enables the animal to feed for a longer period. The digestive system in birds is characterized by two chambers namely proventiculus which secrets the gastric juice for adequate moistening of the feed before it is passed into the second chamber called the Gizzard. The gizzard is heavily rigged with high muscular feature that enhances a mechanical grinding or turning of the food or feed consequently the grinded feed is passed into the duodenum and small intestine where further digestion and absorption of food takes place. This is later passed into the rectum or large intestine for an onward transmission or passage to the caecum where absorption of moisture takes place. The undigested food or feed are removed from the tract as faeces through the cloaca.  

THE STOMACH

The stomach of the bird consist of two parts, the first part is the proventiculus or glandular stomach which is thin walled. It secrets gastric juice to moisten the food or feed and pass it on to the second chamber known as the gizzard.

THE GIZZARD

          The gizzard is thin walled and heavily rigged. Inside the gizzard the food undergoes a lot of muscular contraction and relaxation before it is grinded into a fine pasty mass. This process is aided by pebbles and stones which are contained in the gizzard.

THE SMALL INTESTINE   

The first of this is the duodenum which receives the bye-salt produced by the liver, the pancreatic juice produced by the pancreas.

THE LARGE INTESTINE

In the large intestine, watery re-absorption continues

CAECUM

This is between large intestine and small intestine and they are concerned with the digestion of fibrous feed or material i.e. cellulose and they are also responsible for absorption of water.

VENT/CLOACA

This is responsible for the expulsion of faces material or the waste material

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF RUMINANT AND NON-RUMINANT

	Ruminant	Non-ruminant
1	Possession of complex stomach	Possession of simple stomach
2	Ability to digest fibrous feed material	Inability to digest fibrous feed material except simple sugar such as grains, tuber
3	Ability to synthesize protein required by the body	They are usually supplied by feed containing protein at required quantity
4	Digestion is added by bacteria	Digestion is not added by bacteria

3 Habits That Can Transform Any Personality Completely

 1. Stop controlling uncontrollable things. Meaning many people hate looking old, so they try to control their aging process. By controlling uncontrollable things you’re just frustrating yourself.

2. Make your goals tangible. Your goal is just a matter of making a decision, monitor your progress daily, analyze the results, and make adjustments. It’s important to measure your goal because what gets measured gets managed.

3. Stop giving explanations to everyone for everything. Because over-explanation wastes lots of time and also burdens your mind and makes you slave of people’s validation. Don’t worry about people’s opinions.

"Know that whoever is trying to bring you down, is already below you." ~ Boonaa Mohammed

10 Psychological Facts About Love

1. People are biased to turn their heads to the right when a kiss is initiated.

2. Your sense of smell plays a huge role in love. The smell is tied very slowly to memory.

3. Falling in love triggers feelings of euphoria, sleeplessness and obsession, which is similar to cocaine high.

4. Talkative girls and silent boys make the best couples.

5. People who use emojis in their texts are perceived as more likable.

6. A woman is more attracted to a man when she is uncertain about how much he likes her.

7. People with different-colored eyes are more likely to be attracted to each other.

8. When you become really close to someone, you can hear their voice in your head when you read their texts.

9. A crush only lasts for a maximum of 4 months, if it exceeds, you’re already in love.

10. Just by looking at the picture of your beloved one, you can feel a sense of relief.

10 Ideas Of Better Daily Living

 

1. Worry and anxiety never solves any existing problem. Learn to face your fears or it may gradually kill you.
2. Be teachable. You can't know it all.
3. Don't be toxic, you don't know who may be of help later in life.
4. Be humble, table turns sometimes.
5. Don't waste time on things that you can never change.
6. Make good use of every moment, you may not get to live long like you think.
7. There's never a perfect time, do it afraid.
8. Never tell people everything about yourself, you will regret it.
9. If you don't take a rest, your body will do it for you.
10. If you leave the world today, no matter how loved you are, the world will move on without you. Rather than living to please the world, live to be fulfilled.

20 Ways To Learn To Focus Well In All You Do

 

1. Choose things that make you productive not busy
2. Spend more time doing what you love
3. Surround yourself with people that you share similar values and goals with
4. Know when to take a rest and don't overstress yourself
5. Surround yourself with people that foster your growth
6. Take some time to read self-help books
7. Set long-term and short-term goals
8. Make use of a daily planner
9. Track your progress daily
10. Don't bore yourself while trying to be creative, know when to chill out.
11. Get a mentor or a coach that you can be accountable to
12. Be positive and pragmatic
13. Develop happiness even in little things
14. Don't procrastinate, time waits for no one.
15. See time as wealth that can determine your success or failure
16. Develop fun in creativity
17. Spend more time on education than entertainment
18. Celebrate your progress
19. Always motivate and inspire yourself despite your struggles in the journey
20. Live every day like it's your last.

Keep Thriving!

Listed Ways You Can Identify Intelligent People

 

• Smart people have great observational skills. They are great at reading facial expressions, hand and foot gestures. It is their way of understanding a person and behaving accordingly.
• They realize the importance of words. They are very articulate and weigh the words before saying them. This helps them put their thoughts across in a concise and precise manner.
• They have an exceptional sense of humor and have a knack for making sarcastic comments.
• They put being pragmatic before being emotional. They believe that making some big decisions of life like buying a house, career shifts should be done on excel sheets keeping return in mind.
• Having said that, they are emotional too when it comes to friends and family and are ready to go to any length for them.
• They are selective in making friends and are great at identifying and maintaining a safe distance from toxic people. This helps them remain productive.
• They like reading books and try to incorporate the learnings.

• The answer is rather simple analysis and insight.

  •They are insightful thinkers who take time regularly to asses and analyse the situation and take the next step of action.

  •It's not like everyday people don't do it. But smart people do it most of the time.

  •The reason they don't get analysis paralysis is they have clear priorities.

  • They too get decision fatigue but out of sheer practice of their proper smartness they have built ways for bouncing back and recovery from decision fatigue quickly.

  For example albert Einstein used to go for boating in nature regularly to recharge.

• Nature walks are also one of the best ways to maximize your potential and build bullet proof brains. 

• Have a nice day.

7 Self Improvement Tips To Get Results In 1 To 2 Months

 

1. Cut-off bad friends — drop the dead weight because they aren’t going anywhere. It’s not noble to let them hold you back.
2. Practice doing nothing — Regularly throughout the day, take 5-mins to enjoy where you are without a need to fix it.
3. Harness Awareness — meditate daily for at least 10-mins a day. Separate yourself from your mind and body.
4. Fix body-clock — Wake-up and sleep at roughly around the same time. You need some rhythm in your body.
5. Don’t overeat — It takes a toll on your body and mind. Eat regular small, 4–5 meals throughout the day.
6. Develop a skill — Pick one interest and practice it every day. Writing or drawing, there are free resources to get started.
7. Educate on life — Read philosophy and books, from the world's greatest thinkers. You must learn to live a good life. It doesn't come naturally.

Top 12 Rules Of Living Life

 

1. Invest heavily in yourself because that is the only way you can increase your personal growth. Some people call it selfishness but I call it a personal investment. Remember you are your own best asset.
2. See yourself as a brand that deserves a very good reputation, you want to earn some respect the same way people respect Mercedes Benz. The rule is to strictly mind your own business and don’t get involved in what doesn’t concern you!
3. Even though you are from a wealthy home, that is still not enough to carry on in life. Strive for your own personal independence. It's very important.
4. Take care of your own health, It is very important because health is wealth.
5. Education is a very good investment but don’t let your life depend on it, try to acquire more skills like social skills, communication skills, interpersonal skills etc.
6. Never reveal your next move to anybody. Yeah, so many people see themselves to be in a race with their fellow men. Act more, talk less.
7. The 80/20 principle is real. If 80% of crimes are only committed by 20% of the population, then don’t pretend as if you are busy when you are probably just working according to Parkinson law. Be very productive in life.
8. At the end of each year, evaluate your friends and delete the ones that wasted your time or spend less time with them. Spend more time with those that value you.
9. Draw your own personal mission statement and pursue it diligently. Its the main definition of your personal existence.
10. Before making any decision, engage your mental effort, evaluate and analyze carefully.
11. Avoid short term goals, always pursue long term goals. The main reason why people lose tracks on their goals is that they could only formulate but lack further tools to implement and control. Get serious.
12. Accept the fact that you know nothing and you want to know a lot. It helps a lot!

Have a nice day.

52 Most Important Parts Of The Human Body

1: Number of bones: 206

2: Number of muscles: 639

3: Number of kidneys: 2

4: Number of milk teeth: 20

5: Number of ribs: 24 (12 pair)

6: Heart chamber number: 4

7: Largest artery: Aorta

8: Normal blood pressure: 120/80 Mmhg

9: Blood Ph: 7.4

10: Number of vertebrae in spinal column: 33

11: Number of vertebrae in the neck: 7

12: Number of bones in middle ear: 6

13: Number of bones in face: 14

14: Number of bones in skull: 22

15: Number of bones in chest: 25

16: Number of bones in arms: 6

17: Number of muscles in the human arm: 72

18: Number of pumps in the heart: 2

19: Largest organ: Skin

20: Largest gland: Liver

21: Largest cell: female ovum

22: Smallest cell: Sperm

23: Smallest bone: Stapes middle ear

24: First transplanted organ: Kidney

25: Average length of small intestine: 7m

26: Average length of large intestine: 1.5 m

27: Average weight of newborn baby: 3 kg

28: Pulse rate in one minute: 72 times

29: Normal body temperature: 37 C ° (98.4 f °)

30: Average blood volume: 4 to 5 LITERS

31: LIFETIME Red blood cells: 120 days

32: LIFETIME White blood cells: 10 to 15 days

33: Pregnancy period: 280 days (40 weeks)

34: Number of bones in human foot: 26

35: Number of bones in each wrist: 8

36: Number of bones in hand: 27

37: Largest endocrine gland: Thyroid

38: Largest lymphatic organ: Spleen

40: Largest and strongest bone: Femur

41: Smallest muscle: Stapedius (middle ear)

41: Chromosome number: 46 (23 pair)

42: Number of newborn baby bones: 306

43: Blood viscosity: 4.5 to 5.5

44: Universal donor blood group: O

45: Universal recipient blood group: AB

46: Largest white blood cell: Monocyte

47: Smallest white blood cell: Lymphocyte

48: The increased red blood cell count is called: Polycythemia

49: Blood bank in the body is: Spleen

50: River of Life is called: Blood

51: Normal blood cholesterol level: 100 mg / dl

52: Fluid part of blood is: Plasma

A perfectly designed machine that allows you to enjoy this adventure is called life. Take care of it. Do not damage it with vices and excesses.